Western Civilization

-army as "wildcard"

Gaius Marius (157-86 BC)

-legions swear allegiance directly to commander

Crassus, Pompey, Caesar: Triumvirate (59/60 BC)

Julius Caesar

-military genius

-ruthless

-power hungry

-Crossing the Rubicon (49 BC)

-Perpetual Dictator (45 BC)

-assassinated (15 March 44 BC)

- Cassius and Brutus

- Marc Antony, Octavius, Lepidus (second Triumvirate)

-Antony and Cleopatra

-Battle of Actium (31 BC)

-Octavius becomes absolute master of the Roman world

-emperor, Augustus, Princeps, pater patriae

-State as extension of Roman household

Reforms:

-reduces number of senators

-reduces number of legions; professionalizes the army

-oath of loyalty from all Italians

-administrative class

-censuses for taxation

-moral laws: to curb adultery, encourage marriages and bearing of children

# posted by Anne Good @ 8:41 PM